Which systems coordinate hormone release to regulate metabolism and energy balance?

• A. Endocrine and Nervous
• B. Immune and Skeletal
• C. Circulatory and Respiratory
• D. Digestive and Reproductive

Answer: (A)

The coordination of hormone release to regulate metabolism and energy balance primarily involves the endocrine and nervous systems. The endocrine system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues, influencing various physiological processes, including metabolism. Hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormones play critical roles in determining how the body uses energy and maintains metabolic balance.

The nervous system complements the endocrine system by providing immediate responses through neurotransmitters and can also influence hormone secretion in a more direct manner. For instance, the hypothalamus in the brain regulates the pituitary gland, which in turn controls other endocrine glands that release hormones affecting metabolism. This integration allows for both rapid and sustained responses to the body's energy needs, ensuring that metabolism is finely tuned to various stimuli both internal and external.

Other systems listed, such as the immune, skeletal, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems, do not primarily function to regulate hormone release related to metabolism and energy balance. While they play essential roles in overall health and functionality, their involvement in hormone release and metabolic regulation is secondary to the direct and primary roles of the endocrine and nervous systems.