What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

• A. To produce bile for fat emulsification
• B. To absorb nutrients and minerals from food
• C. To filter waste from the blood
• D. To regulate temperature in the body

Answer: (B)

The primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system is to absorb nutrients and minerals from food. This large, coiled structure is equipped with a highly specialized lining that features villi and microvilli, which significantly increase its surface area, enhancing its capability to effectively absorb essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals into the bloodstream.

During digestion, food is broken down into smaller components in the stomach and then enters the small intestine, where enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver further aid in breaking down these nutrients. The small intestine’s role is crucial as it allows the body to obtain the necessary nutrients to sustain its functions and health.

Other functions mentioned, such as producing bile and filtering waste, occur in different organs like the liver and kidneys, respectively, and regulating body temperature is primarily managed by the skin and hypothalamus, not the small intestine. This underscoring highlights the unique and specialized function of the small intestine in the digestive process.