What is the function of hormones like insulin and glucagon?

• A. They regulate temperature
• B. They regulate blood sugar levels
• C. They promote muscle growth
• D. They only affect digestion

Answer: (B)

Insulin and glucagon play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, particularly concerning blood sugar levels. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. This is vital after meals when glucose levels are elevated. On the other hand, glucagon acts in opposition to insulin. When blood sugar levels drop, glucagon prompts the liver to release stored glucose back into the bloodstream, helping to raise blood sugar levels to a normal range.

The primary function of these hormones is to ensure a balanced level of glucose in the bloodstream, which is essential for providing energy to cells and maintaining overall metabolism. They are fundamental in managing the body's response to food intake and energy demand, thus underlining their critical importance in regulating blood sugar levels.