What are hormones primarily responsible for in the context of metabolism?

• A. Controlling muscular movement
• B. Regulating energy production and utilization
• C. Facilitating nerve transmission
• D. Enhancing digestive chemical reactions

Answer: (B)

Hormones play a crucial role in regulating energy production and utilization, which is fundamental to metabolism. They act as chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream to coordinate various physiological processes. For instance, hormones like insulin and glucagon are central to maintaining glucose homeostasis, helping cells either take up glucose for immediate energy use or store it for later. Additionally, hormones such as cortisol and epinephrine are involved in the body’s response to stress, influencing the rate at which energy stores are mobilized.

This regulation of energy production and utilization encompasses the complex interactions between different metabolic pathways, including carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. By influencing how the body breaks down and uses these macronutrients, hormones help ensure that energy is available when needed and that it is used efficiently. This is essential for the overall maintenance of bodily functions, growth, and health.